Glarine Biopen SC Injection

✔️ Uses of Glarine Biopen 100IU/ml SC Injection

• Type 1 Diabetes mellitus
• Type II Diabetes Mellitus

✔️ How does Glarine Biopen 100IU/ml SC Injection work?

• Insulin is a crucial hormone that allows the entry of blood glucose into each cell of the body. Inside the cell, this glucose is used as fuel.
• In type 1 diabetes mellitus, the body fails to produce adequate insulin and this leads to glucose accumulating in the blood and causes high blood glucose.
• This medicine lowers blood sugars by stimulating glucose uptake by cells, tissue, and muscles, especially by skeletal muscles and fat, and by inhibiting glucose production by the liver.

✔️ Side Effects of Glarine Biopen 100IU/ml SC Injection

• Injection site reactions
• Low blood sugar
• Rashes
• Itching

✔️ Quick Suggestions:

• Exercise can influence your body's insulin requirements, both during and after physical activity. It might decrease your need for insulin during exercise and potentially even after it. Additionally, exercise can accelerate the effects of an insulin dose, especially if the activity involves the injection site area (for instance, avoid injecting into the leg right before running).
• It's important to have a discussion with your doctor about adjusting your insulin regimen to accommodate your exercise routine. Choosing low-calorie, cooked foods over sugary options is recommended.
• If you're traveling across multiple time zones, it's advisable to consult your doctor regarding potential adjustments to your insulin schedule.
• Rotate your injection sites within the chosen area for each dose to minimize the risk of developing conditions like lipodystrophy (skin with pits or thickened areas) and localized cutaneous amyloidosis (skin with lumps) at injection sites.
• Avoid using the same injection spot for every dose.
• Refrain from injecting where the skin is pitted, thickened, lumpy, tender, bruised, scaly, hard, scarred, or damaged.

✔️ Indication of Glarine Biopen 100IU/ml SC Injection

Glarine Biopen 100IU/ml SC Injection is employed to manage both Type 1 Diabetes mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:

• Type 1 Diabetes mellitus: In this lifelong condition, the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin Glargine is used to supplement inadequate insulin production and maintain appropriate blood sugar levels.
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: This chronic condition involves cells being unable to effectively use the insulin produced by the body, leading to improper conversion of glucose into energy. Insulin Glargine helps in managing blood sugar levels by providing the needed insulin support to overcome this resistance.

✔️ Pharmacology

Insulin Glargine is a sterile solution of insulin glargine for use as a subcutaneous injection. Insulin glargine is a recombinant human insulin analog that is a long-acting (up to the 24-hour duration of action), parenteral blood glucose lowering agent. Insulin Glargine is produced by recombinant DNA technology. The primary function of insulin glargine is the regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin and its analogs lower blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, primarily by skeletal muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Insulin inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis and enhances protein synthesis.

✔️ Dosage & Administration of Glarine Biopen 100IU/ml SC Injection

Insulin Glargine, a prolonged-acting analog of human insulin, provides consistent glucose regulation over 24 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing. It has a potency similar to human insulin.

Dosage and Administration:

• Administer Insulin Glargine subcutaneously once daily, at any time but consistently at the same time each day.
• The dose must be personalized based on clinical response and blood glucose monitoring is crucial for all diabetes patients.
• For type 1 diabetes, Insulin Glargine should be part of a regimen with short-acting insulin.
• It's not recommended for intravenous administration due to the risk of severe hypoglycemia.

✔️ Initiation and Conversion:

• For type 1 diabetes, start with about one-third of the total daily insulin requirements, supplementing with short-acting insulin for the remainder.
• For type 2 diabetes patients not using insulin, begin with 10 units or 0.2 units/kg once daily, adjusting subsequently.
• Transitioning from other insulin therapies requires dose and timing adjustments.

✔️ Administration Techniques:

• For cartridges, ensure proper cartridge insertion and needle attachment. Mix insulin by gently inverting the pen.
• Vial usage involves mixing the solution, drawing air into the syringe, puncturing the vial, injecting air, withdrawing the dose, and eliminating air bubbles.
• Choose appropriate injection sites (upper arm, thigh, buttock, abdomen) at least 1 cm apart to prevent tissue damage.
• Follow the proper injection technique, cleansing the site, puncturing the skin at a 45° angle, injecting, and applying gentle pressure.

Glarine Biopen 100IU/ml SC Injection is administered by healthcare professionals based on individual factors such as age, body weight, and medical condition.

✔️ Interaction

Several drugs can impact glucose metabolism, potentially necessitating dose adjustments for both Insulin and Insulin glargine.

Substances that may decrease Insulin and Insulin glargine requirements:

• Oral anti-diabetic products
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
• Disopyramide
• Fibrates
• Fluoxetine
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
• Propoxyphene
• Pentoxifylline
• Salicylates
• Sulfonamide antibiotics

Substances that may increase Insulin and Insulin glargine requirements:

• Thiazides
• Glucocorticoids
• Thyroid hormones
• Beta-sympathomimetics
• Growth hormone
• Danazol

Interaction Note:

• Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol can either intensify or diminish the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin.

✔️ Contraindications

Insulin glargine is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to insulin glargine or any of its excipients

✔️ Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy Category C. Insulin glargine should only be utilized during pregnancy if the possible benefits outweigh the potential risks to the developing fetus.

Lactation: The presence of insulin glargine in human milk remains uncertain. As various drugs, including human insulin, can be found in breast milk, cautious administration of insulin glargine to nursing mothers is advised. Lactating women might need adjustments in both insulin dosage and dietary intake.

✔️ Precautions & Warnings

• Blood glucose levels should be closely monitored for all patients undergoing insulin treatment. Any adjustments to insulin regimens should be made with caution and under the supervision of a medical professional.
• Insulin glargine should not be mixed with other insulins or solutions, diluted, injected via an insulin pump, or administered intravenously, as it can lead to severe hypoglycemia.
• Patients with impaired kidney or liver function might require dosage reduction for insulin glargine.
• If you are taking other medications for diabetes, certain brain-related disorders like fluoxetine, or fever and pain medications (salicylates), you might experience symptoms of low blood sugar.
• If you are using thiazides, steroids, thyroxine, medications for severe diarrhea, or drugs for abnormal organ growth like octreotide or lanreotide, you could experience elevated blood sugar levels.
• Be aware that some medications might influence the effectiveness of insulin glargine if taken concurrently. Inform your doctor about all medications, supplements, or herbal products you are taking to prevent potential interactions. Pay particular attention if you are using antihypertensives, oral contraceptives, thiazides, or steroids.
• An overdose of insulin glargine can lead to hypoglycemia. Mild cases can often be treated with oral carbohydrates, while severe episodes may require parenteral glucose or glucagon injections. Adjustments to dosage, meal timing, or physical activity might be necessary.

✔️ Storage Conditions

• Keep Biopen 100IU/ml SC Injection out of reach from children
• Store in a refrigerator (2°C to 8°C)